Why is sterile technique required for IV cannulation and catheter insertion?

• A. To prevent introduction of pathogens and minimize infection risk.
• B. To speed up the procedure.
• C. To reduce pain.
• D. It is optional in non-operating rooms.

Answer: (A)

Sterile technique is essential because these procedures breach the skin and introduce instruments directly into the vascular system, creating a pathway for bacteria to enter the body. Even small contaminants on skin, equipment, or the environment can seed a catheter or IV line, leading to local infections or, more dangerously, catheter-related bloodstream infections and sepsis. Maintaining a sterile field with sterile gloves, instruments, drapes, and antiseptic skin prep minimizes these risks and protects the patient from serious infection.

This is not primarily about speeding up the procedure or reducing pain, and sterile technique is required in any setting where invasive devices are placed, not only in operating rooms.