Which factors are evaluated in a fall risk assessment, and what strategies can mitigate risk?

• A. Mobility, medications, vision, cognition; strategies include assistive devices, non-slip footwear, environmental modifications, and supervision.
• B. Blood type and age; strategies include increased caffeine intake.
• C. Diet only; strategies include skipping meals.
• D. Sleep pattern only; strategies include watching TV.

Answer: (A)

Fall risk assessment focuses on factors that affect balance, stability, and safety. Mobility status shows how well a person can move, transfer, and walk—limitations here directly increase the chance of a fall. Medications matter because certain drugs can cause dizziness, drowsiness, or low blood pressure, and using multiple meds raises the risk further. Vision is key for detecting hazards and judging depth and distance, so impaired sight makes missteps more likely. Cognition influences judgment, attention, and the ability to follow safety plans; cognitive impairment can lead to unsafe actions or missed cues that a fall might occur.

To mitigate risk, strategies target these areas: assistive devices like canes or walkers to boost stability; non-slip footwear to improve traction; environmental modifications such as better lighting, removing loose rugs, clearing clutter, and installing grab bars or handrails; and supervision or support to assist with mobility and monitor safety. Regular medication review, vision correction, and balance-strengthening activities also help reduce fall risk.