In Iida's Retrospective Study, what was the FFMA rate for indirect revascularization?

• A. 86%
• B. 50%
• C. 69%
• D. 72%

Answer: (C)

FFMA rate is a measure of how often indirect revascularization successfully achieves the targeted collateral or flow improvement over follow-up. In Iida's retrospective study, indirect revascularization relies on promoting new blood vessels to grow over time rather than connecting vessels directly. The finding that the FFMA rate is 69% means about two out of three patients reached the desired level of revascularization.

This kind of result reflects the typical pattern of indirect techniques: progress occurs gradually as angiogenesis and collateral formation develop, so outcomes are rated over a period rather than immediately after surgery. The value 69% indicates substantial but not universal success, which aligns with expectations for indirect approaches. The other numbers don’t match the study’s reported figure, which is why 69% is the correct choice.